1870 – Spirochetes found in in grey kangaroo blood by Shaw, quoted by J MacKerras 1959


1822 – Spirochetes found in red kangaroo blood by Desmerest quoted by J Mackerras 1959


1872 – Cattle tick is introduced to Northern Territory along with Babesiosis and anaplasmosis quoted by  J. MacKerras 1959


1959 MacKerras – spirochetes in kangaroos, wombats etc identified as Borrelia but no DNA confirmation as sequencing technology not available at the time


1962 – Carley JG Pope JH Borrelia queenslandica  identified– Aust. J. Exp. Med Sci


1967 – Callow LL – tick transmitted spirochetes of cattle in Australia and Southh Africa


1986 – McCrossin et al and Lawrence et al 1986 report patients with EM rash with a febrile illness in South Coast and Central Coast


1986-1989 –  QLD State Health Department test 1,247 people for B.burgdorferi and found 15% positive but no WB was done


1991  Wills MC and Barry RB detecting Lyme disease in Australia Med J Aust


1994 – Russell RC et al.  Lyme disease- a search for causative agent in tick in SE Australia Epidemol Infect


1998  Hudson BH et al   Culture positive Lyme Borreliosis in Australia  Med J Aust


2007 – Karl McManus- bitten by a tick in Duffy’s forest Northern Sydney becomes ill with neuroborreliosis


2009 – Dr Mualla McManus forms the Lyme Disease Association of Australia (LDAA)


2010 – Karl McManus passed away and Karl McManus Foundation (KMF) is formed and LDAA is bequeathed to patients so Dr. McManus can concentrate on KMF


2011 – SMH Good weekend article on Karl McManus raises awareness of TBDs


2011 – 1st TV segment on Tick Borne illness This Day Tonight Channel 7- segment on TBDs in Australia


2011 – Launch of Lyme disease appeal to 2500 pharmacies throughout Australia- brochures, posters and donation tins


2012 – Demonstration outside NSW Health by sufferers and meeting with Dr McAnulty


2012 – Nov, KMF with Dr. McManus meet with Prof Chris Baggoley– CMO of Australia dialogue with department of health (DOH) created


2013 – Clinical Advisory Committee on Lyme disease advising the CMO, (CACLD) formed by Prof Baggoley


2013– Scoping study on tick borne illness TBI issues in Australia by Prof  J Mckenzie


2013-2015 – meets on regular basis to address the TBD issues in Australia-including case definition of overseas acquired Lyme disease publication. During discussions Relapsing fever Borrelia is suggested by KMF to be included in case definitions


2012 – 1st Tick Borne illness (TBI) Forum hosted by KMF at the Grace Hotel Sydney


2013 – 1st TBI Conference in Australia hosted by KMF at Kerry Packer Centre RPAH Sydney.  Prof Baggoley closes the conference.  Dr. Kenneth Liegner as OS speaker


2013  1st Lyme gala ball in Brighton Melbourne- raise $50K


2014 – 2nd TBI Conference hosted by KMF at Kerry Packer Centre RPAH Prof Judith Miklossy as OS speaker


2014 – 1st Lyme gala ball in The Ivy Sydney hosted by KMF- raise $90K 


2015 – 3rd TBI Conference in Charles Perkins Centre Uni. Of Sydney hosted by KMF- Dr Stephen Harris as Overseas speaker


2015 – 2nd Lyme gala ball in Sydney- raised $50K


2015 – KMF submit to the Chronic disease Enquiry


2015 KMF submit to the Dept. of Veterans Affairs Lyme Disease Enquiry


2016 – Senate Committee Inquiry– KMF and 1000 other stake holders submit for the inquiry


2016 – Senate Committee recommendations-12, of which most urgent listed for Health Minister. Hon. Greg Hunt approves 6 of the most urgent KMF recommendations. KMF recommendations include research funding and Multidisciplinary Team for treatment of affected patients.


2017 – NHMRC- TCR for Lyme Like disease in Australia advertised. KMF and LDAA submit


2017 – Australia’s first TV advert about dangers of tick bites aired on TV ( Ch. 7, 9, 10 and SBS) in Sept to Nov as community announcement


2017 – Karl McManus Institute formed. (KMI)


2018 – DOH convenes 2 forums hosted in Melbourne for medical discussion and for patients in Sydney. KMF propose multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) model for Australia


2018 – NHMRC allocate $3mil for TBD research, another name is adopted for TBI in order to decrease the controversy over Lyme disease terminology- (DSCATT)- Debilitating Symptom Complex Attributed to Ticks


2018 – Gofton et al – sequence Australian Borrelia and find genetically it is a hybrid of relapsing fever, Lyme borrelia and reptilian Borrelia, a unique clade. The hybrid nature may explain why people get positive results from Lyme disease tests s antibodies can cross-react with Lyme Borrelia proteins.


2018 – National serology Reference Lab (NRL) report. A report  showed that  Lyme disease kits used in Australia do detect Lyme disease if patient are infected by it.  I guess multinationals would not have invested millions creating these kits if they were not able to detect Lyme disease, common tick borne disease in the USA and Europe.


20182019 – ATM tender to implement MDT model for Australia


2018-2019 – Tender to educate the public and health practitioners in Australia


2019 – Harvey  et al  find  diverse RNA viruses in Australian ticks


2019 – $3mil NHMRC grant recipients- Murdoch University ($1.9mil) and University Of Melb ($1.1mil) over 5 years.


2019 – Allen& Clark Policy and Regulatory Specialists awarded the tender for MDT model implementation

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